Introduction: For interpretation of the most common biochemical markers reference intervals (RIs) are widely considered and reported. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine age-specific RIs for some biochemical tests by removing and/or limiting critical gaps including sex, age group, geographical region, measurement device, and type of kits and reagents for routine laboratory biochemical variables in healthy adolescent girls aged 12-19 years. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 1026 adolescent girl was recruited. According to the study aim, the levels of serum for some routine biochemical tests were measured on a BT-3000 auto-analyzer. On the basis of the non-parametric rank method and by use of CLSI Ep28-A3 guidelines, we determined age-specific RIs, including confidence interval 90%, under specific exclusion criteria. Results: Age partitioning was required for none of the upper and lower limits of biochemical markers. All Serum biochemical tests concentration remained relatively constant throughout the age range. Conclusion: By removing and/or limiting critical gaps involved in reference values of biochemical tests, it has provided an important understanding of metabolic processes and it has facilitated clinical application to track different diseases better.

Background: wrongs in experiments and laboratories are inevitable particularly if used non-standard methods and tools. In routine disc diffusion test used optical method for pouring media in petri dishes that create non negligible errors in experiments. Goal of this research is design and produce a standard petri dish for this tests and eliminate the wrongs. Methods: According CLSI standards about sensitivity tests medium standard thickness is 4 millimeters. According these data designed a standard petri dish that determined this standard thickness exactly. Results: Results of this research showed existing Petri dishes produce wrong and different reports about non-growth haloes even for identical antibiotics that cause to antibiotic unfit administration significantly (P<0. 05). In addition, medium waste rate was 33-50% for different petri dishes. Conclusion: Designed standard petri dish standardized disc diffusion tests and other sensitivity tests and makes accuracy, non-growth haloes uniformity in identical tests, and antibiotics fit choose. Also decrease medium waste rate significantly.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging nosocomial pathogen causing serious complications due to the propensity of its multi-drug resistant property. Due to the indiscriminate and wide-spread use of antibiotics, A. baumannii strains emerge as MDR-Ab, XDR-Ab and in recent years pan-DR-Ab strains. Routine therapy incorporates the application of fewer antibiotics and antibiotic surveillance data is not monitored frequently. This study is thus an attempt to screen for the frequency of antibiotic resistance profile against different classes of antibiotics as per CLSI guidelines. Methods: Phenotypically and genotypically characterized 73 A. baumannii strains were utilized for the antibiogram profile using Group A, B, and U antibiotics as per CLSI recommendations using standard Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Interpretations of susceptible, intermediate and resistance were recorded by measuring zone diameter criteria. Results: Group A antibiogram profile showed highest non-susceptibility (n=73) (100%) to ampicillin-sulbactam, ceftazidime and imipenem followed by 82. 19%, 79. 45%, 67. 12%, 56. 16% and 49. 31% non-susceptible isolates against ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, meropenem, tobramycin, and levofloxacin respectively. Group B antibiogram profile showed 100% non-susceptibility piperacillin-tazobactam and to amikacin, 91. 78% (n=67) resistance against ceftriaxone. Among the cyclines, 19. 71% and 6. 84% of isolates were resistant to doxycycline and minocycline respectively. Under Group U, 76. 71% showed resistance against tetracycline. The frequency of MDR (71. 23%) and XDR (39. 72%) A. baumannii isolates were detected. Conclusion: Periodical antibiotic surveillance is essential to curb the menace of the emergence of MDR and XDR A. baumannii in the hospital environment thus improving the patient care by the administration of alternate drug of choice or by combination therapy.